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time
1 - 1 / 1

Force atlas projection of individual blades connected by shared decorative data clusters

Authors:
Formats
other, txt
Nodes
-
Edges
-
Years
-1400–-800
Access:
|
Added:
2025-12-12
Force atlas projection of individual blades connected by shared decorative data clusters

"This case study uses 3D scans of Central European Bronze Age swords (~1400–800BC) to recreate community networks of knowledge. 3D scans of 111 bronze swords were analyzed, from which measurements including blade profile, hilt profile, and…

Tags
3d-scan
•
bronze-age
•
bronze-swords
Modern Countries and Continents
Austria
•
Croatia
•
Germany
•
Hungary
•
Serbia
Collections
bronze-age
Structure
Directionality
undirected
Weighted
yes
Hypergraph
-
Longitudinal
-
Multigraph
-
Multilayer
-
Multipartile
-
Probabilistic
-
Self Loops
-
Signed
-
Spatial
-
Data Url
https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/opar-2018-0008/html?srsltid=AfmBOopgejRB7UyrVCwX93VWJ1jmyG_Lu67SyItLNlHukIhXCc1bRYl5#supplementaryMaterials
Canonical Citation
Golubiewski-Davis, K. (2018). From 3D Scans to Networks: Using Swords to Understand Communities of Central European Bronze Age Smiths. Open Archaeology, 4(1), 123-144. https://doi.org/10.1515/opar-2018-0008
License
Creative Commons Attribution No Derivatives 4.0 International
Funding
The work presented here was funded by the following organizations: the University of Minnesota Anthropology Department; the University of Minnesota Center for Austrian Studies; the Hella Mears fellowship from University of Minnesota Center for German and European Studies; and the Wenner-Gren Foundation.
Network Topics
distribution
•
knowledge-network
Node Topics
site
•
sword-blade
•
sword-hilt
•
swords
Edge Topics
cluster-groups
Node Attributes
latitude
•
longitude
•
style
Edge Attributes
-
Uncertainties
Nodes
-
Edges
-
Node Attributes
-
Edge Attributes
-
Statistics
Avg. Clustering Coefficient
-
Avg. Degree
-
Construction

"Links of the network were established using similar clusters as an indication of a network link. Two types of

networks were created; one network used individual swords as the nodes and shared clusters as the links,

and the second network used the blade or hilt clusters as the node and the inverted minimum spanning

tree (MST) value of the distance between the means of the clusters. For the clusters, the distance between

the group means were calculated using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) or MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis

of Variance) values as appropriate. From these, the differences in means were analyzed using a tukey

adjustment. This type of adjustment is used to help eliminate Type 1 error across unequal groups and is

appropriate for unequal groups of unknown size (Dallal, 2012). A Type 1 error is a false rejection of the

null hypothesis. These numbers were used to create a minimum spanning tree. Since the MST interprets

higher numbers as objects that are weakly connected, and network analysis interprets higher numbers as

a stronger bond, those measurements had to be flipped. The matrices were inverted using the following

formula: New variable = largest value + smallest value – original value. This formula results in a change

where the largest number becomes the smallest number and each value in between inverts according to

that scale.

A weight of 1 was assigned every time two swords shared a cluster. Thus, every sword included in the

cluster containing all of blade profile 1 shares a link with a weight of 1. Likewise, every sword included

in the first cluster of hilts would contain a separate weight of 1. Separate networks were created for each

decoration using clusters based on shape data for blade profiles, hilt profiles, concentric circles, dashes,

parallel curves, and parallel straight lines; in this case, each link was given a weight of 1. Secondary matrices

included a combination of the original matrices where a weight of 1 represented either a shared blade or

hilt cluster and a weight of 2 represents both a shared hilt and shared blade cluster. Finally, combined matrices were created using blade and hilt data, all decorative data, and a combination of blade and hilt

plus decorative data where the link weight ranged from 1–8 based on the number of clusters shared. These

data are available in the supplemental DRUM files (Golubiewski-Davis, 2016)."

Sources

Kemencezei, Tibor. 1991. Die Schwerter in Ungarn II. Vol. Praehistorische Bronzefunde IV Band 9. M nchen: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung.

Source Types
publication

Von Quillfeldt, Ingeborg 1995. Die Vollgriffschwerter in S ddeutschland. Vol. Praehistorische Bronzefunde IV Band 11. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

Source Types
publication

Harding, Anthony. 1995. Die Schwerter im ehemaligen Jugoslawien. Vol. Praehistorische Bronzefunde IV Band 14. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

Source Types
publication

Waestemann, H. 2004. Die Schwerter in Ostdeutschland. Vol. Praehistorische Bronzefunde IV Band 15. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.

Source Types
publication

Friedrich Laux. 2009. Die Schwerter in Niedersachsen. Vol. Praehistorische Bronzefunde IV Band 17. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag

Source Types
publication
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