Rivers vs. Roads? A Route Network Model of Transport Infrastructure in Northern Italy During the Roman Period

Search Fields

The following fields can be used for targeting a specific field as described in the query syntax below.

canonicalCitation

collectionTags

description

fileFormats

id

name

tags

authors.firstName

authors.lastName

authors.orcidId

construction.additionalComments

construction.description

license.licenseId

relatedPublications.canonicalCitation

structure.directionality

structure.weighted

topic.edgeAttributes

topic.edgeTopics

topic.networkTopics

topic.nodeAttributes

topic.nodeTopics

construction.sources.sourceTypes

topic.modernCountriesAndContinents.name

Query Syntax

Title	Operator	Example	Description
Phrase / Exact match	""	"Roman" "Roman Road Network"	The term or phrase must be matched exactly (case insensitive) to get a match.
Field Search	FIELD_NAME:()	name:(Roman Road Network) name:("Roman Road Network")	Field searches makes it possible to narrow the search to a specific field instead of searching all fields. The same operators as used in a normal search can be applied to field searches.
Wildcard	?, *	Roma? Ro*	Search words including or ending with and an unknown set of characters. The wildcard ? matces a single character and * matches 0-n characters.
Fuzzy	~	Roma~ Squire~	Find words which are similar (spelling wise) to the given word. Good for finding misspelled words. The examples could e.g. result in "Roma, Roman, Rome" or "Squire, Super, Squibb". Given the length of the word different rules apply : [0-2]: No fuzzyfication is applied - the word must match exactly [3-5]: One edit* is allowed [6-]: Two edits* are allowed * The default rules for edits can be overwritten by applying one of [0, 1, 2] after the "~", where the number specifies the number of edits allowed. ** An edit is an insertion, deletion or substitution of a character.
Must	+	+Roman Road +Network +name:(Roman Road) +"Roman Road" Network	Express which terms must be present to get a match: +Roman Road +Network Both "Roman" and "Network" must be present, "Road" is not required but would make a better result if present +name:(Roman Road) One of the terms must be present in the title field (If all terms must be present prefix each term with a "+") +"Roman Road" The exact phrase must be present
Must Not	-	-Roman Road -name:(Roman Road) -"Roman Road" Network	Express which terms must not be present to get a match: -Roman Road "Roman" must not present -name:(Roman Road) One of the terms must not be present in the title field (If all terms must not be present prefix each term with a "-") -"Roman Road" The exact phrase must not be present
Grouping	( )	(+Roman +Road) (+Ancient +Network)	Group expressions together to form sub-queries. The Example reads: match ("Roman" and "Road") or ("Ancient" and "Network").

time

1 - 1 / 1

Rivers vs. Roads? A Route Network Model of Transport Infrastructure in Northern Italy During the Roman Period

Authors:

James Page

Formats

csv, json, other

Nodes

136

Edges

Years

101–200

Access:

Added:

2025-12-04

Rivers vs. Roads? A Route Network Model of Transport Infrastructure in Northern Italy During the Roman Period

"Northern Italy has often been characterised as an isolated and marginal area during the Roman period, a region constricted by mountain ranges and its distance from major shipping lanes. Historians have frequently cited these obstacles, alongside…

Construction

"Norther-Italy-Roman-Transport-Infrastructure

This repository contains the vector shapefiles and steps used in creating a route network model of Roman transport infrastructure in Northern Italy during the Imperial period. In each folder of the repository, the vector shapefiles for the different layers of the network model can be found.

The network model was created using the ArcGIS Network Analyst Suite, Version 10.8.1.

Building the Network Dataset

The steps here outline the process to join the separate vector shapefiles representing the rivers, roads, canals, and sealanes of Northern Italy into a single network

dataset. ArcCatalog is used to create the network dataset from shapefiles contained within a file geodatabase. Note. Within ArcGIS, the Network Analyst Suite must be active.

1. Select Network and create New Network Dataset.

2. Name Network PoNetwork_ND

3. Click Next.

4. Select all files to be included.

5. Click Next.

6. Click Yes for modelling turns.

7. Click Next.

8. Click Connectivity.

9. Increase Group Columns to 4.

10. Select Connectivity Groups, ensuring that juctions are selected for their corresponding vector layers.

11. Click OK.

12. Click Next.

13. For Modelling Elevation Fields, select None.

14. Click Next.

15. Click Ok.

16. Select Cost and click Evaluators.

17. Select all Junctions and right click.

18. From Type select Field.

19. From Value select STOPCOST.

20. Click OK.

21. Click Next.

22. Click Next.

23. Select No for Establishing Driving Directions.

24. Click Next.

25. Select Build Service Area Index.

26. Click Next.

27. Click Finish.

28. Click Yes.

Building the Service Area Index

The Service Area Index is used to generate the cost-surface polygons that map all accessible areas within a specified impedance from a set starting point or points.

ArcMap is used to create the polygons using the network dataset imported from ArcCatalog. Note. Within ArcGIS, the Network Analyst Suite must be active.

1. Under the Network Analyst toolbar, click New Service Area.

2. From the directory, select the site/sites you wish to act as the starting point for transport.

3. Drag the site/sites to the Facilities folder within the Layers box.

4. Click the Service Area Properties button in the top right-hand side of the Layers box to bring up the analysis layer’s Layer Properties dialogue box.

5. Select the Analysis Settings tab from the analysis layer’s Layer Properties dialog box.

6. Select Cost from the Impedance drop-down box.

7. Within the Default Breaks box, list multiples of 100 to act as the cost breaks between polygons.

8. Select Direction: Away from Facility.

9. Select U-Turns Allowed from the U-Turns at Junctions box.

10. Select the Polygon Generation tab from the analysis layer’s Layer Properties dialog box.

11. For Polygon Type, select Detailed.

12. Trim Polygons to 15 km.

13. Select Merge Polygons if using multiple facilities.

14. Click OK.

15. Click the ’Solve’ button on the Network Analyst toolbar to run the analysis."

Sources

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7937731

Source Types

repository

https://awmc.unc.edu/wordpress/map-files/

Source Types

topography

https://dataspace.copernicus.eu/explore-data/data-collections/copernicus-contributing-missions/collections-description/COP-DEM

Source Types

topography

Marini Calvini M (1992). Strade Romane dell’Emilia Occidentale. Atlante tematico di topografia antica 1, 187–92.

Source Types

map

•

topography

Calzolari M (1992). Le Strade Romane della Bassa Padania. Atlante tematico di topografia antica 1, 161–68.

Source Types

map

•

topography

Labate D (2019). Archeologia di una strada consolare: la via Emilia dalla fondazione all’età contemporanea.

Atlante tematico di topografia antica 29, 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1400/269868.

Source Types

publication

•

topography

Ortalli J (1992). La Cispadana Orientale: Via Emilia e altre Strade. Atlante tematico di topografia antica 1, 147–60.

Source Types

map

•

topography

1 - 1 / 1

Filters

Selected Filters

Available Filters

Modern Countries and Continents

File Formats

Network Tags

Network Topics

Node Topics

Edge Topics

Directionality

Weighted

General

Search Fields

Query Syntax

Rivers vs. Roads? A Route Network Model of Transport Infrastructure in Northern Italy During the Roman Period

Construction

Filters

Selected Filters clear

Available Filters

Modern Countries and Continents

File Formats

Network Tags

Network Topics

Node Topics

Edge Topics

Directionality

Weighted

General

Search Fields

Query Syntax

Construction

Selected Filters